phy-4600/lecture_notes/2-8/translation operator
2016-02-14 12:55:35 -05:00

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T̂(a)|x〉 =|x+a〉
|Ψ′〉 = T̂(a)|Ψ〉 = T̂(a) ∫ dx|x〉〈x|Ψ〉
= ∫ dx|x+a〉〈x|Ψ〉
-∞
= ∫ δ(x - (x - a)) Ψ(x)
-∞
= Ψ(x-a) = 〈x|Ψ〉
T̂(dx) = 1 - ι/ħ p̂𝓍 dx
T̂(a) = lim [1 - ι/ħ p𝓍 a/n]ⁿ
n→∞
= exp(-ι p𝓍 a/ħ)
[p] = [m L 1/T] (momentum)
Commutation Properties
======================
(x̂ T̂(δx) - T̂ x̂)|Ψ〉
= (x̂ T̂(δx) - T̂(δx) x̂) ∫ dx 〈x|Ψ〉|x〉
-∞
∞ ∞
= ∫ dx x̂ T̂(δx)|x〉〈x|Ψ〉 - ∫ dx T̂(δx) x̂|x〉〈x|Ψ〉
-∞ -∞
∞ ∞
= ∫ dx x̂|x+δx〉〈x|Ψ〉 - ∫ dx T̂(δx) x̂|x〉〈x|Ψ〉
-∞ -∞
∞ ∞
= ∫ dx (x + δx) 〈x|Ψ〉|x+δx〉 - ∫ dx x 〈x|Ψ〉|x+δx〉
-∞ -∞
= δx|Ψ〉
On the other hand...
x̂ T̂(δx) - T̂\(δx) x̂ = x̂ - ι/ħ δx x̂ p̂𝓍 - x̂ + ι/ħ δx p̂𝓍
= ι/ħ δx [p̂𝓍,x̂] = δx
[p̂𝓍,x̂] = -ιħ
[x̂,p̂𝓍] = ιħ (The uncertainty principle)