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othocaes 2016-02-24 10:26:01 -05:00
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Compatible Observables occur when commutator is equal to 0.
[Â,B̂] = ÂB̂ - B̂Â
Constant of Motion
------------------
if d/dt  = 0 and [Ĥ,Â] = 0, where Ĥ is the Hamiltonian operator.
then  is a constant of motion
Thm: Two operators such that [Â,B̂] always have common Eigenstates

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Computed Derivative (pic) d/dt <Â> (pic)
Discovered/Introduced Commutator
Cpmpatible Observables occur when commutator is equal to 0.
Computed Derivative d/dt <Â>:
[Ĥ,Â] = ĤÂ - ÂĤ
d <Â> = d 〈Ψ(t)|Â|Ψ(t)〉
dt dt
⎛d 〈Ψ(t)⎞ Â|Ψ(t)〉 + 〈Ψ(t)|Â ⎛d Ψ(t)〉⎞ + 〈Ψ(t)|d Â|Ψ(t)〉
⎝dt ⎠ ⎝dt ⎠ dt
ι 〈Ψ(t)|Ĥ Â|Ψ(t)〉 + 〈Ψ(t)|Â Ĥ -ι|Ψ(t)〉 + 〈Ψ(t)|d Â|Ψ(t)〉
ħ ħ dt
ι 〈Ψ(t)|Ĥ Â - Â Ĥ|Ψ(t)〉 + 〈Ψ(t)|d Â|Ψ(t)〉
ħ dt
Constant of Motion
------------------
if d/dt  = 0 and [Ĥ,Â] = 0,
then  is a constant of motion
Thm: Two operators such that [Â,B̂] always have common Eigenstates

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Ĥ = |a〉 δ 〈b| + |b〉 δ 〈a|, with δ a real number.
a)
a) The eigenstates of the Hamiltonian can be determined by